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Archives of the Museum Courtyard

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The Museum for the History of the University is in itself an archive
represented not only manuscripts and other documents, but also, and for the most part, tools, appliances
, anatomical preparations and dry in wet and anatomical waxes, prepared for surgery, all intended to represent respectively
a physical principle, an anatomical structure of particular significance
, an access point or the expression of a surgical pathology as organ
difficult to prove on the living.
Even though it is the material collected various disciplines that have developed in
our university, there are two main sections Museum of the wealth of documentary material
: the section of the History of Medicine and the section of the History of Physics.

Section of the History of Medicine

The collected material includes documents prepared and ranging over a
time from the second decade of the seventeenth century, with the manuscripts of Gaspare Aselli
regarding the discovery of the vessels chiliferi up the first decades of the twentieth century and preparing students documents
of Camillo Golgi. Recent material is also present but has not yet been ordered
.
Of particular importance is the collection of manuscript volumes of Port Louis,
pathologist surgeon who was active in Pavia from 1825 to 1875, in a period that begins before
doctrine of Schleiden and Schwann cell (1838/39) and ends after the
formulation of the principles of cellular pathology by Rudolf Virchow (1858/60). In these volumes
is recorded throughout the clinical activity of the port, and many cases are reported with great precision, the symptoms presented by patients to describe the pathologic findings.
of most of these clinical cases the Museum also has its
card stock and the related anatomical parts, which contain the structural basis of its
diseases and organ system. This is a priceless cultural heritage of mirror
over 50 seats riding on acquisitions, extraordinary as those mentioned above, on which for some time
began studies by historians of medicine.
The collection of histological preparations that Eusebio Oehl
realized since the early years of the second half of the 800, is an archive of great value because it was just
Oehl with these preparations in Pavia, who introduced the modern histology as an indispensable basis
for studies of physiology: we can not study the function of an organ
first if we do not know the structural basis, since, as will be recognized also by other
in subsequent years, the structure is the expression of plastic function. Oehl
founded a real school, and grew up in this school, among others, Giulio Bizzozero, Camillo Golgi and
Enrico Sertoli.

Archive Golgi

Section in the History of Medicine of the University Museum for History, however
a real store in the strict sense exists, and the Archives Golgi.
This is a collection of printed materials of various origins, which was picked up by Emilio Veratti,
general pathologist direct student of Camillo Golgi. Archive Golgi, reflecting
wealth of material and its tremendous value both from a scientific documentary
that under the historical in the strict sense, I consider significant indicate:
1) Personal documents - Career
2) family papers
3) Decorations, invitations and other tasks
4) Nobel Prize for Medicine - Relationships Subsequent to the Nobel Institute

5) honors and celebrations
6) Manuscripts of scientific papers
7) Letters
1 - Letters of Italians ranked second last initial and arranged in order of date

2 - Letters of foreign classified and arranged as above
3 - Letters are grouped according to the origin
8) Pad for lessons
9) Original drawings - photomicrographs - Drawings reproduced
10) Minute of speeches
11) match for the lab with the academic authorities
12) Local Issues University of Pavia
13) Reports of the University of Pavia with the clinics and the University of Milan
14) Renewal of the clinical and scientific institutes Pavia
15) general university matters
16) Contests - Reports - Reviews. Different tasks
17) Conferences and scientific meetings
18) Directorate of the Department "Collegio Borromeo" Hospital Military Reserve
Pavia, and activities during the European war.
19) Malaria - prophylaxis - Relations with the rice
20) Fight against tuberculosis - Construction of a tubercolosario Pavia
21) Fishing and aquaculture
22) National Health Council and the PI
23) R. Accademia dei Lincei - R. Lombard Institute of Science and Letters
24) University Consortium of Lombardy for the University of Pavia
25) Matters concerning the Board Ghislieri
26) Cassa di Risparmio delle Provincie Lombarde
27) Disputes
28) Writings of various scientific - Minute
29) Offices and other activities
30) After the death

Section of the History of Physics

The large number of instruments and apparatus of the Physics Section of the Historical Museum are
been identified, photographed and cataloged for the most recent version in the
the "Museum Interactive Multimedia," which is currently available on the Web at:
http://ppp.unipv.it/museo.
a number of instruments were also carried out simulations of operation,
many of them interactive, to illustrate an important principle of physics, or even
to show in detail the functioning of internal mechanisms can not be seen by visitors.
In this way the instruments are not only cataloged and available in the electronic
statically, but also "live" operating and some of them you can
repeat the experiments for which they were designed.

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Visit to Pavia University City University

Already since the year 825 when Pavia was an important school of rhetoric established by Emperor Lothair I. Throughout the medieval period the school was thriving in activities, in the eleventh century Pavia became the seat of a certificate even law school. However, it is only thanks to the Emperor Charles IV in 1361, which was founded in Pavia a Studium Generale, which Pope Boniface IX recognized the same rights as the University of Bologna and Paris. With imperial diploma dated 1485 the Studium Generale was then transformed into universities.
The prestige of the university grew in the fifteenth century, but its activity experienced an abrupt halt following the serious damage received by the city for the siege in 1525. During the English domination of the scientific and teaching activities of the university suffered from the stagnant situation. The rebirth of the university was in
second half of the eighteenth century thanks to their Austrian Maria Theresa and Joseph II. Since the end of the Second World War the University of Pavia has experienced a new revival, largely due to the energy and initiative of then rector Plinio Fraccaro. During the 60s, were added to the traditional School of Business and Economics and Engineering.

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Pavia is a city in Lombardy, capital of the province, with 71,074 inhabitants (census 2001). It is situated on the banks of the river Ticino, a little north of the confluence of the Po, 35 km south of Milan. The foundation dates Roman times as the Ticinum.
was the capital of the Lombard kingdom. From the Middle Ages is home to one of the oldest Italian universities. The city was fortified until 1872, when the bastions were turned into avenues and public gardens, and most of the walls, however, survived until 1901, when it was demolished to build the ring road.
city with ancient origins, offers a number of ideas and cultural attractions. In particular, to visit, among others, the museum located in the Visconti Castle, San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro, the Pinacoteca Malaspina, the Duomo, San Michele Maggiore, San Teodoro and the famous Covered Bridge over the Ticino, as well as the Bottigella Palace. A few kilometers from city \u200b\u200bis located the Certosa di Pavia.
Pavia is the capital of a fertile province devoted mainly to agriculture (production of wine, rice and cereals). There are few industries, the main activities of the city are the University and Policlinico San Matteo.
Pavia is one of the milestones on the way Francigena, a journey of pilgrimage to Rome

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General

Palace University Road - New ,

6527100 PAVIA

Telephone 0382 984709 Fax: 0382 29724 e-

Email: @ museo.storico unipv.it

Director: Prof. Alberto Calligaro

Opening hours:

Monday: 14:00 to 17:00

Wednesday: 9:00 to 12:00

Friday: 9:00 to 12:00

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Room Door The Cabinet Room

The room door is all the valuable material that is collected three shelves on the wall, facing the courtyard. These preparations made and designed by Louis Port for the works of pathological changes of the arteries for ligation and torsion, which is demonstrated and explained, especially with animal experiments, the formation of collateral circulation. There are many wonderful preparations for efficacy demonstration, especially those obtained by combining injection techniques and dissection. In addition to this material are stored protocols autographs of these and other experiences, books and records relating to clinical cases of which are exposed anatomical most interesting and representative. There is also room in the same preparations of ovarian cysts and other diseases, which no longer obtained, demonstrating, for many of them, as a condition of the organ in very advanced stages can profoundly change the shape, structure and anatomical relationships . Among many other preparations and appliances can be cited, for example, electric batteries for the umlaut termogalvanica prostate to treat prostatic dell'iscuria, designed by Enrico Bottini, in 1896. Also These preparations of the vessels, their ligation, 800 cards dating from about 1830 diseases, which can be studied even today the Museum has several volumes of protocols of experiences and case histories, about thirty, and those who had picked and bound by the port in particular, are all full. To the public, on display, however, is exposed only a few birds. Remarkable is the "box of the pharmacist," which contains bottles of oil, vinegar, vitriol, laudanum, chamomile, nicotine, emollient ointments and other compounds; boards are central writings, documents, letters concerning Ugo Foscolo, Vincenzo Monti Berzolari of Gigli which houses a school report. One of these windows is specifically dedicated to Taramelli, geologist, and contains some awards, photos of trips and some medals. The hall is also the decree of Napoleon of June 23, 1800 in which instructions are given for the reorganization of Pavia in the three faculties of Philosophy, Medicine and Law.

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Golgi

The room Golgi receives much of the material on Camillo Golgi: microscopic slides, documents, instruments, and decorations awarded the Nobel Prize with the signatures of Judges Caroline Institute in Stockholm, dated October 25 1906. Among the products, prepared and studied by Camillo Golgi, some are characteristic of the original fittings designed for the needs of his method for the study of nervous tissue, called "black reaction" or "cromoargentica. In the window that contains the bronze effigy of the Golgi are also kept two of the first microscopes used by him, and the first that was used to reduce microtome sections accessible by microscopic examination in different parts of the nervous system treated with his method. In addition to volumes of his Opera Omnia, are of particular interest are the autographs and original drawings from microscopic preparations on the structure of the cell, nervous system, kidney, studies on malaria and some handwritten sheets used in his lectures on general pathology. In the same room there are other documents and manuscripts relating to those Adelchi Negri discoveries about anger, Carlo Forlanini with those of the first instruments made of glass for the application of therapeutic pneumothorax, provide the first evidence that led to the construction of the simplest and practical device that was later used by those years in therapy. Also on show are other relics of Forlanini: the bronze plaque of his likeness, a portrait of youth, some autograph and a photograph of a young woman who was among the first of which was applied to the sick therapeutic pneumothorax. From the photo are semiotics drawn pads on the chest of this woman and next to them, some notes Forlanini on the physical conditions of the patient. Edoardo Porro, as well as an effigy carved in bronze, is exposed to the surgical instrument used by him in the first amputation utero-ovarian surgery, performed in Pavia in 1876, and next to it is removed piece preserved in formaldehyde solution . GB Amici contains one of the first achromatic compound microscopes made around 1826, with his autograph which gives the rules for the use of the instrument, with the drastic reduction of chromatic aberration of the lenses, was fundamental in history of microscopy and a small pocket microscope of its construction. Interesting are the reproductions of the models in wax made by friends for the demonstration of his discovery on the fertilization of plants, other models of the structure and reproduction of the nose and a cryptogam pest of roses. Eusebio Oehl addition to the collection of microscopic specimens, the cannulas are opened by him were built and used for examining the digestion by gastric fistula cannula for experimental and intubation of the excretory ducts of the salivary glands for the collection of various types saliva. Among the autographs of Oehl there are protocols of some experiences, lecture notes and a few pages of the manuscript of his Treatise Physiology, owned entirely by the museum. In a small board is instead collected the medals or commemorative medals struck in honor of famous people of Pavia. In the room there are also some x-ray photographs dating back to 1896, a photograph reproduced using X-rays of Röntgen-Bilder

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The Cabinet of Physics, recently restored and opened to the public, houses the instruments collected by the successors of Alessandro Volta in the Chair of Physics of the University of Pavia. This is a very rich collection (about 600 instruments, some of which unique in the world), demonstrating how research and teaching in experimental physics remained intense even after the death of the physicist from Como. In particular, Giuseppe Belli, who led the Cabinet in the mid-nineteenth century, greatly enriched the collection with a number of models of his invention. Among these, we can now admire the electrostatic induction generator (which he calls "actuated"), a magneto-electric motor, an electrometer Bohnenberger amended by him and his famous duplicator, still quoted in the penultimate edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica: originated as a device that can multiply very weak electrical charges, was then used as a real electrostatic generator. The size of the collection already at the time of Belli was remarkable and was further expanded by his successor, John Cantoni and other scientists who followed him. Today, in the Cabinet Room, we take a lot of instruments, almost all dating from the nineteenth century. They are divided into sections: Electrology (most consistent), optics, pneumatics, thermology, mechanics, surveyors. We recall here, in addition to the aforementioned instruments Belli, various electrostatic machines (eg machines Bertsch, of Holtz, of Voos), instruments for measuring the intensity and effects of the current (un'amperometro Thomson, a unit to show the interaction between electric currents, a unit of Foucault to indicate the presence of eddy currents, galvanometers of various kinds), various tools Electrology (coils, resistors, resistors, capacitors, elettromegneti, electrometers, tubes for the study of conductivity of gases) and optical (Silbermann a device to check the laws of refraction and reflection devices to show Newton's rings, telescopes, microscopes, polariscope, spectroscope, light meters), an Atwood machine, batteries and thermoelectric calorimeters , a cauldron of Regnault, hygrometers, radiometers, and various tools of geodesy (theodolites, levels, sextants). We finally find un'apparecchio for the study and treatment of lung diseases Carlo Forlanini, Pavia doctor lived in the second half of the nineteenth century.

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The Cabinet of Physics, University of Alessandro Volta

opened the celebrations for the bicentenary of the invention of the stack (1999), the Cabinet has a rich collection of original instruments from the Physics Laboratory of Alessandro Volta, who taught Physics at Pavia from 1778. On one side of the room, two tables of the same work by hosting a few examples of the many tools that he used to investigate the properties of the electric charge and electrified bodies: electrophoretic, electroscope electroscope straws and caps, electrometers, traps, pictures of Franklin and conductors of various forms. We also find some copies of the pile of Volta (the originals were destroyed in a fire in Como in 1899), a number of Leyden jars (single or in series), an electrostatic machine Nairne, of eudiometer, guns and a unit of Time to study the expansion of gases (turn determines the law of isobaric expansion ten years before Gay-Lussac). At the center of the room, two windows contain mechanical and pneumatic tools belonging to the high school "Ugo Foscolo" in Pavia: equipment for the study of motion on an inclined plane and for the study of elastic collisions, pulleys, pumps, a fountain and a flashing device to evaluate the resistance of air. These instruments are purchased or built by Volta and were transferred to high school when, in the mid-nineteenth century, a reform of the school assigned to high school teaching of mechanics. The collection of some Cabinet cabinets containing tools Electrology (Lane and bottles of Leiden, magnets, magnets, dry cells), and mechanical thermology (hydrostatic balance precision calorimeter of Lavoisier and Laplace, thermometers and barometers, a tube Newton), optics (mirrors, lenses, prisms, microscopes, telescopes) and two samples of the meter and kilogram, respectively.

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Medicine Section

The medical section is divided into three rooms named after great masters of medicine: the anatomist Antonio Scarpa, Luigi Porta surgical pathology, the pathologist and histologist Camillo Golgi. They were part of the Cabinet of Anatomy, where he was the Anatomical Museum, which was initiated by Rezia and maintained by Scarpa, Panizza, and then by Zoja who left a description in a printed work. E 'is currently under construction a fourth room to accommodate the most recent acquisitions, including the section of Hematology, named Adolfo Ferrata and the first laboratory of electron microscopy, histochemistry and genetics. This section includes tools, relics and anatomical specimens relating especially to the second half of 1700, 1800, and our century and displayed on the shelves were built by the same shoe in the eighteenth century Venetian style, light green, dark decor, ornaments and figures allegorical of great artistic value. The anatomical material, which constitutes the bulk of the collection, consists of prepared partly dry and partly preserved in alcohol or formaldehyde solution covering different sectors and parts made in order to illustrate the response to surgery or experimental situations, or to demonstrate anatomic areas of special interest.

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MUSEUM FOR THE HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY '

HISTORY

The idea of \u200b\u200ba university museum in a historical-born doctor with the reforms of Teresa Josephine. In the second half of the eighteenth century the reformist climate of the Enlightenment also involves the University of Pavia, then hang up almost forgotten empire. The Empress Maria Theresa of Austria and his successor, Joseph II, enlightened monarchs, will deal with rebirth and revival of the ancient University of reforms promoting an educational, scientific, and a building renewal. After several attempts, they will be approved by the Magistrate of General Studies Teaching Plan the 1771 Scientific and Plan of 1773 that they intended to regulate the access of students to faculty, the call of the professors, the best, for fame and scientific value, and were aimed at eliminating unnecessary teachings in favor of a modern education, d ' experimental imprint. Were built for this purpose, the new facilities of the library, the anatomical theater, the Museum of Natural History, the chemistry lab and the different cabinets for teaching, the botanical garden, the cabinet of experimental physics and anatomy. The current construction of the museum, however, which occupies what was once the seat of the Faculty of Medicine, headed next to the old Anatomy Theatre Antonio Scarpa, dates back to the thirties. The Museum was in fact created in 1932 to accommodate the material on display in the exhibition staged at the Palazzo Botta memorabilia to mark the first centenary of Scarpa, founder of the anatomy school of Pavia. The exhibition, organized by Antonio Pensa, president of the Fourth Congress of the Italian Society of Anatomy and Professor of Human Anatomy, achieved great success with the public and studied by medical science and natural history. The exhibits included the opportunity for autographs, printed works, anatomical preparations of the same Scarpa and other anatomical Rezia and Panizza, preserved in the Anatomical Museum. The Cabinet of Anatomy, created and enriched by Scarpa and his successors, was the site of the Institute of Anatomy for nearly a century, until it moved to Palazzo Botta in 1902 and the premises of the cabinet became the Institute of Pathology. After exposure of 1932, the Institute of Pathology moved into their new headquarters in Via Forlanini and local university was just released in the building housing the anatomical material, the first center of the existing museum collections. In that year, also flocked to the fledgling museum numerous historical objects that were returned after the exhibition at the University of Science History in Florence, including several instruments Cabinet of Physics A. Volta, and preparations relating to vascular disease and osteo-articular kept in the former Port Museum, located on the premises of the old Hospital Surgical Clinic S. Matthew until the transfer of the latter in the new home to the hospital. The current museum was then officially opened in 1936 and was expanded over the years due to objects from academic institutions, museums, background, or donated by individuals, must be remembered, among other things, the donations made by the heirs of the Golgi appartenutigli objects, manuscripts, notes for lectures, academic Italian and foreign decorations, ordered his correspondence by his pupil and above attestation Veratti assigned to the original Nobel Prize in 1906. During the war the museum was closed and its contents transferred to a safe place, while the immediate postwar period, thanks to the Rector's radiant, the Museum increased its collections with the purchase of relics, the discovery of objects and documents and donations of great value. Then, as in the times of its founder, was restored communication with the porch and the courtyard giving access to the House Scarpa, and the Museum was annexed a large room which was later upheld the tools of physics, purchased or built by Volta and his successors, Configliachi, Belli, cantons. In addition to anatomical, physical and surgical instruments, documents and memorabilia relating to the history of the university, the museum has a lot of material that, for reasons of space, can not normally be exposed to the public, but are presented with a replacement or on request. Several documents and autographs are collected into folders and listed as to be easily detectable, such as, for example, the autographs of Volta, Foscolo, Monti, Spallanzani, Moscati, Golgi, Oehl, whose museum has dealt with the whole manuscript, but which one is exposed, only the preface. Folders are also stored in the autographs of Brugnatelli Valentino, Romagnosi, Adelaide Cairoli and many other characters. Of the many books in which are collected histories and protocols of the experiences of Port Louis, are exposed only a few copies, while others are kept in cabinets containing other books of great historical and scientific importance.